Floating reamer



BATQOZO A. A. MARTELL FLOATING BEAMER oci. 9, 1923.

Filed May 20. 1918 RN ...WN NN. /l. mw M QW w Nh. i kw... L@ www... 3% l Patented 0st.. 9,1923..

ALBERT A. IMABJILELIL, 0F WOONSOCKET, RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNOE 4'I'O THE TAFT- PEIRCE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 0F WOONSOCKET, RHODE ISLAND, A COB- POBATION 0F RHODE ISLAND.

Application mea may 2o,

To all 'whom 'it may concern.'

Be it known that I, ALBERT A. MARTEIL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Woonsocket, in the county of Providence, State of Rhode Island, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Floating Reamers, of which the following isa specication. i y

This invention relates broadly to tools and more particularly to reamers.

The principal object of this invention is to provide a reamer so mounted on areamer shaft that the axis of the reamer may be displaced laterally from the axis of the reamer' shaft and at the same time is maintained parallel to the axis of the reamer shaft.

A further object of the present invention is a reamer of the character specified wherein the reamer body is mounted to be'laterally movable upon the reamer shaft, and the reamer body is capable of being rotated around its own axis independentlyof the axis of the reamer shaft.

A still further object of the present invention is a floating reamer of the character specified 'wherein the reamer body, within predetermined limits, is permitted free motion at right angles to the axis of the spindle of the mach-ine tool carrying the reamer, and is restrained from angular deviation from that axis in such manner that a positive drive i's provided for the reamer body without interfering with the free radial movement of the body relative to the axis of the reamer shaft. y

More specifically vthe present invention comprises a floating reamer .as specified and wherein an anti-friction coupling is provided between the reamer shaft and the body of the reamer.

Still more specifically the present invention comprises a floating'reamer of the character specified and wherein the body of the reamer is loosely mounted on the reamer shaft with a thrust; ball bearing between one end of the reamerbody and the reamer shaft, and a ball bearing universal coupling between the other end of the body portion of the reamer and the reamer shaft in such manner that thebo'dv of the reamer is, Within predetermimd limits, freely laterally movable relative to thel reamerjshaft.

The present invention possesses 'many' Vmachine tool. Vmay be due. to weights of the parts or it FLOA'IING BEAMER.

1918. Seria] No. 235,502.

other advantageous features, some of which, v

with the foregoing, will be set forth more at length in the following description wherein will be outlined in full that form of the in-v vention which I have selected f or illustravtion in the drawings accompanying and Figure 2 is a view taken onsection line y Figure 3 is a view taken on section line Heretofore in the art the customary manner of reaming openings, such as bearings, has been to mount the reamer body rigidly upon the reamer shaft whereby the axis of rotation of the reamer the axis of thel reamer sha This requires the cutting edges of the blades to lie in a cylindrical surface, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the reamer f shaft. Beamers for manyy urposes 'are mounted upon machine tools that carry tool holding spindles. The spindles are mounted in bearings and in substantially all cases may be displaced by sidewise pressure, in such manloodyt was necessarily theoretical axis of the bearings `of the machine. This is magnified at' 'the end of .the reamer shaft which extends outwardly or over-hangs' the bearings and frame of the IThis lateral displacement may be due to extraneous forces. Where such lateral displacement occurs it is substantially impossible to reamopenings in such manner as to obtain a true openingA within the tolerance of limits required by modern practice requiring fine workmane present mvention overcomes the dithcultiesabove set out by providing a construction wherein-the reamer body is free to take up a true axial line so that the finished work is reamed concentric to the theoretical axis of the machine. tool spindle carrying by the col the reamer. This type of reamer is particularly useful in certain ordnance work and more especially in finishing cylinders for gasoline engines, such as are used for automobile engines and the like.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, 'the present invention comprises a reamer shaft 1 which is provided with al taper shank 2 adapted to be inserted in the end of a suitable machine tool spindle. The reamer shaft 1 adjacent the shank is provided with an integral collar et to which is secured a stepped driving collar 5 by means of the machine screws 6. A stepped coupler ring 7 is loosely'mounted on the stub shaft ortion 8 ot the reamer shaft. and a pair o driving balls 9 are mounted between the steps or shoulders l10 on the collar 5 and the steps or shoulders 11 on the ring 7. The body portion 12 of the reamer eX tends over the elongated portion 14 of the reamer sha-ft and is bored out to such a size as to permit a ree lateral movement of the body portion, within predetermined limits, on the portion 1t of the reamer shaft.'

A stepped driven collar 15 is secured to the end of the body portion 12 by means of machine screws 16 and a pair of driving balls 17 are mounted between the steps or shoulders 18 on the ring 7 and the steps or shoulders 19 on the collar 15. The pairs of driving balls 9 and 17 are preferably arranged in such manner that a line joining the centers of the balls 9 will be at right angles to a line joining the centers of the balls 17 I andplanes including the driving faces on either the steps 10 or 11 would be at right angles to planes including either the driving faces on steps 18 or 19. The 'collar 5 on the reamer shaft is provided with a .thrust surface 20; the ring 7 has thrust surfaces 21 and 22; `and the collar 15 is provided with a thrust 'surface .24. All of these thrust surfaces lie substantially in parallel planes that are at right angles to the axis of the reamer shaft. `The foregoing description sets forth the construction of the ball bearing coupling` member whereby the reamer shaft drives the reamer body and at the same time permits lateral movement of the body relatively to the said shaft, within predetermined limits.

Tn. order to prevent dust and dirt from entering the ball coupling and disturbing its accuracy of action a casing 25 is carried ar 4 and cooperates with 'a soft felt ring 26 mounted on the body of the reamer to form a dust proof. joint and p1'o tect the coupling members.

A cupped member 27 is iixedly mounted on the front end of the body portion and may be prevented from rotation thereon b means o dowel pins 28. The reamer sha at its front end 1s reduced in size, :from the dieter oi? the elongated portion 1t, to

further reduced in size as at 37 and isdrilled to receive the pin 38 which comprises a guide for preventing rotation of the clamp Washer 39, which carries a soft felt Washer l() that co-operates with the cup 27 to lprevent dust and dirt :from entering the antifriction bearing or between the reamer body and the reamer shaft. The outer endv ot the member 37 is threaded as at l11 to carry the assembly nut 42. 1t will be noted'that the* rimary function of the anti-friction bearing at the `front end of' the reamer member isvto permit a transverse movement of the front end of the reamer body relative to the rearner shaft and to constitute a guiding device 'for this purpose,

The reamer body 12 is provided with di-` agonal slotsv da in which are mounted the reamer blades e5. The arrangement of the slots 44a is such that the cuttingr edges of the blades when in the slots are angularly disposed relative to lines on the surface of the body parallel to the axis of the body, and inclined in such manner that blades on diametrically opposite sides of the body are inclined in the same direction and substantially the same amount, whereby the blades may be said to be mounted in pairs. By reference to Figures 1 and 2 it will be noted that the adjacent pairs of blades'are oppositely inclined so that the cutting edge of one blade advances at an angle which is different from the cutting edge of the' succeeding blade. This construction prevents chattering of .the reamer since it one blade strikes a' hard spot and tends to yield inwardly thereby forming a microscopic ridge, the4 succeeding blade cuts down this ridge without tending to ride over! the same spot that caused the preceding blade to yield. This angular blade construction, more fully set out in my application, Serial No'. 17 9,121, tiled the 7th day of July, 1917, is of particular importance in the floating -reamer comprising the. subject matter of the.

present invention since the reamer body is freely movable laterally and a hard spot or imperfection in the metal being roamed would tend to cause the reamer body to move laterally and thus ad'eet the reaming action on the diametrically opposite side from the.

Haw in the workpiece. `This reamer is unrestrained in lateral movement whereas reamers rigidly mounted on a shaft are restrained and such conditions as described llt) VmightV be more noticeable in this floating at their ends asat 46 and 47 and these inclinations are adapted'to ride upon wedges 48 seated in the bases of the slots 44 and secured therein by' means of the studs 49 extending into the openings 50. The ends of the reamer blades as at 51 and 52 are beveled and are adapted to oo-operate with the beveled edges on the adjusting collars 54 and 55 that are screw-threaded on the body 0f the reamer. This construction permits radial adjustment of the blades for calibratmg, grinding, and other purposes.

From the foregoing description it is evident that the. anti-friction bearing at the frontend of the reamer and theanti-friction driving clutch at the rear end of the reamer co-operate in such manner that-the body of the reamer has a limited lateral movement relative to the reamer-shaft and wherein the axis of the body of the reamer is maintained parallel to the axis of the reamer shaft. It

will further benoted that this construction permits the -reamer body to rotate on its own axis and to be driven by the reamer shaft even though the axis of the reamer body is not coincident with the axis of the reamer shaft. l

What claim is:

l. In a reamer, the combination of a reamer shaft, a reamer blade carrying body mounted upon said reamer shaft, said body being provided with a cylindrical opening having a diameter larger than the diameter of the reamer shaft which extends through said opening whereby said body is movable laterally on the Said reamer shaft, means to prevent longitudinal Imovement 4of said reamer body on said shaft and to maintain the axis of said reamer body parallel to the axis ofthe reamer shaft, said means also comprising a driving connection between said reamer shaft and said reamer body, and adapted to sustain both thrust and torsion.

2. In a device of the character specilied, the combination of a hollow reamer body, a reamer shaft extending through said body and of a less diameter than the opening in said body whereby said body is laterally.

movable on said Shaft, in combination with guiding means between one end ofsaid reamer body and' said reamer shaft, antifriction driving means between the other end of said reamer body and said reamer shaft adapted to sustain both thrust and torsion, said guiding means and 'said driving means constructed to maintain the axis of said body. portion parallel to the axis of said reamer shaft.

3. A device of the character described comprising a blade carrying reamer body provided with a longitudinal cylindrical opening,the axisof said opening being coincident with the axis of the body, a plurality of reamer blades carried by said body, a reamer shaft extending through saidv cylindrical o-pening and with the diameter of the port-ion of the shaft extending through Vthe opening being less than the diameter of the opening whereby said reamer body is laterally movable on saidreamer shaft, in combination with athrust bearing between the front end of said reamer body and said reamer shaft, and a universal coupler between the other end of said reamer body and said shaft whereby said reamer body is latterly movable within predetermined limits rela- Y tively to said reamer shaft and whereby the rotation of said reamer shaft rotates the reamer body. i Y.

4c. in a device ofthe character specified ,the combination of'a reamer body, a pluralopposite side of the body and with the inclination of certain blades being different from 4the inclination of other blades, said body portion being provided with an opening, a reamer shaft extending through said opening, and driving guiding means operatively connecting, said reamer body and said reamer shaft in such manner that said reamer body is laterally movable relatively to said'reamer shaft and with the axis of said reamer body maintained at all times parallel to the axis ofthe reamer shaft.

5. In a device of the character specified a reamer body, a plurality of pairsof reamer blades mounted on said reamer body, said pairs of blades .being diametricvally disposed on opposite sides of the reamer body with the angularity of certain pairs of blades being diiferent from the `angularity of certain other pairs of blades so that the cutting edge of one blade cuts at a different angle from the next succeeding blade, said body portion being provided with a cylindrical opening extending longitudinally through said body portion, a reamer shaft having a portion thereof extending through said cylindrical opening and with said por,- tion of less diameter than the diameter of said opening, means for maintaining thewith the axis of said body portion maintained at all times -parallel -to the axis of said shaft, said driving means comprising f anti-friction members adapted to sustain both thrust and torsion.

7. ln a device of the character specified,

' the combination of a reamer vbody, angu-l larly disposed blades mounted in pairs on said reamer bodv with the angularity of one pair of the b ades opposite to the anguflarity of the 'adjacent pair of blades, adrivthe combination of a reamer body, pairs of.

angularly disposed blades mounted on said reamer body with the angularity of certain blades diderent from the angularity of other blades, rotating means for drlving said reamer body and guidin devices permitting lateral movement o said reamer body with the axis of said reamer body maintained at all times parallel to the axis of said rotating means.

9. Aln a device of the character described the combination of a reamer s aft, a reamer body loosely mounted on said reamer shaft, an anti-friction thrust bearing between Yone end of said reamer body and said shaft, Vand an anti-friction'coupling member between the other end of said r'eamer body and Said reamer shaft, said thrust bearing and said coupling being arranged lto permit free radial movement of said reamer body relatively to said reamer shaft and to maintain` the. axis of rotation of said reamer body .at all times parallel to the axis of rotation of 'said shaft.v

l0. lin a device of the character specied, a driving shaft, a reamer. body loosely lmounted on said driving shaft, an anti-friction thrust bearingbetween one end of said reamer body and said reamershaft, and an anti-friction coupling y member yoperatively connecting said reamer body with said reamer shaft to permit said reamer body to f be driven by said reamer shaft.

11. ln a device-"of the character describedv thefc'ombination of a reamer body having a longitudinal opening thereiml-a reamer shaft extending through said longitudinal opening, a cupped member carried by one end .of said reamer body, va ball supportin member carried by said reamer shaft an 'rfropae on saidA reamer shaft Aand between the said stepped collars and anti-friction balls between said ringpand each of said collars.

12. ln a device of the character described the combination of a reamer body carrying a plurity of cutting blades, a reamer shaft upon which said' body is mounted for lateral movement, a thrust bearing between one end 'of said reamer bod and said shaft, a stepped collar carri by the other end of the reamer body, a stepped collar carried by said reamer shaft, a 'stepped rin intermediate the said stepped co lars, an a pair of anti-friction balls mounted between the first mentioned collar and the said ring, and another pair of anti-friction balls mounted between the second mentioned collar and said ring Iwith straight lines joining the centres of the pairs of balls being at substantially right angles to each other.

13. ln a device of the character specified a forming tool, ashaft for carrying and driving said forming tool, an anti-,friction thrust bearing between one en`d f ofaisaid forming tool and said shaft, and an antifriction driving coupler between .t'he other.

end of said tool and said shaft/ whereby said tool is freely laterall movable within predetermined limits relatively to said shaft and whereby the axis of said tool is at all times maintained parallel to the axisof said Shaft.

14. llna device of the char eter specified a finishing tool comprisin a body portion, a shaft for driving said o y ortion, in combination with coupling gui ing means between said shaft and said body portion, whereby said body portion is permitted a free lateral movement within predetermined limits relatively to said shaft, and with the axis ofthe body portion at all times parallel to the axis of sald shaft.

l5. ln a deviceof the character specified a universal coupling member comprising a pair of stepped collars, a stepped ring mounted between said collars with. the driving faces on the steps of the said ring arranged substantially at rigit angles to each other, a pair ofdriving alls between the driving faces on the other side of said ring and the other collar, and a casing surrounding said collars and .said ring to retain the said balls in position.

lt. lin a tloatng reamer as specified, the combination of a driving shaft, a learner Vbody mounted for lateral movement rela# tively to said driving shaft, with an antifrict1on lcoupling between said shaft and said reamer body, said anti-friction coupling comprisin a l stepped lcollar carrie `by said sha ,a stepped collar carriedl by,

said rearner Md a stepped ring loosely mounted on sai shaft andv between the stepped collars, the drivingfaces' on said rin being arranged at substantially right ang es to each other, a pair of driving balls between said stepped ring and the first mentioned stepped collar, a pair 'of driving balls between said ring and the second mentioned i driving collar, and a casing surrounding said rings and maintaining said balls in osition.

17. In a floating reamer of the c aracter specified the combination of a reamer shaft, a reamer body, a plurity of pairs of blades angularl disposedv on the said body portion, sa'i body portion being provided with an opening, a shaft extending through said opening, a pair of anti-friction thrust bearin s permitting lateral movement of said body relatively to said shaft, and thrust and torsion driving means for compelling said reamer body -to rotate with the said Shaft.

18 In a fioating reamer ofthe character specified a reamer body provided with an opening,V a reamerI shaft extendin through said opening, a plurality of cutting blades mounted on the body of said reamer an anti-friction bearing between one en of said reamer shaft and said body, a coupling between the other end of said reamer shaft i and said body, the driving coupling being in contact with anti-friction balls whereby a rotation of the reamer shaft toward the cutting faces of the blades causes said'shaft to drive'said body portion, and spaced apart contact faces on said/coupling permittin a reverse turning of the reamer shaft wit in predetermined limits .without turning the reamer body.

.19. A fioating reamer of the character specified comprising in combination a reamer body rovided with an opening extending longltudinally thereof, a reamer shaft extending through said opening, 'an anti-friction bearing supporting one end of said reamer body and. (an anti-friction coupler adapted to drive said body by said shaft when said shaift is rotated in the direction of the cutting edges of the reamer' blades, said coupler beingv constructed to ALBERT A. MARfiiELL'.

faces of said 

